Public Administration

1. Introduction : Meaning, scope and significance. Evolution and status of the discipline. Comparative Public Administration and Development Administration. Public and Private Administration: State versus market debate. New Pubic Administration. New Public Management perspective.
2. Basic concepts and principles : Organisation, hierarchy, Unity of command, Span of control, Authority and Responsibility, Co-ordination, Centralization and Decentralization, Delegation, Supervision, Line and Staff.
3. Theories of Administration : Scientific Management (Taylor and the Scientific Managment Movement), Classical Theory (Fayol, Urwick, Gulick and others) Bureaucratic Theory (Weber and his critics). Ideas of Mary Parker Follett and C.I. Barnard; Human Relations School (Elton Mayo and others). Behavioral Approach, Systems approach.
4. Administrative Behaviour : Decision making with special reference to H. Simon, communication and control, leadership theories. Theories of motivation (Maslow and Herzberg)
5. Accountability and Control : The concepts of Accountability and control : Legislative, executive and judicial control. Citizen and Administration: Role of civil society, people's participation and Right to Information.
6. Administrative Systems : Comparative administrative features of USA, Great Britain, France and Japan.
7. Personnel Administration : Role of Civil Service in developing societies; position classification, Recuritment, Training, Promotion, Pay and Service conditions. Relations with the Political Executive; Administrative Ethics.
8. Financial Administration : Budget: Concepts and forms. Formulation and execution of budget, deficit financing and public debt, Accounts and Audit.
9. Union Government and Administration in India. British legacy : Constitutional context of Indian Administration; The President, Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers; Central Secretariat; Cabinet Secretariat, Prime Minister's Office, Planning Commission; Finance Commission; Election Commission; Comptroller and Auditor-General of India. Public enterprises: Patterns, role performance and impact of liberalization.
10. Civil Services in India : Recruitment to All India and Central Services. Union Public Service Commission; Training of Civil Servants. Generalists and Specialists. Minister-Civil Servant relationship.
11. State and District Administration : Governor, Chief Minister, Secretariat, Chief Secretary, Directorates, District Collector: changing role.
12. Local Government : Panchayati Raj and Urban local Government: Main features, structures, finances and problem areas. 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendements.

Geography

Geography  
Section-A
Physical Georgraphy
i) Geomorphology
Origin of the earth; Geological Time Scale; Interior of the earth; Types and characteristics of rocks; Folding and Faulting; Volcanoes; Earthquakes; Weathering; Landforms caused by fluvial, aeolian and glacial actions.
ii) Climatology
Structure and composition of atmosphere; Temperature; Pressure belts and Wind systems; Clouds and rainfall types; Cyclones and anti-cyclones; Major climatic types.
iii) Oceanography
Ocean relief; Temperature; Salinity; Ocean deposits; Ocean currents, El Nino and La Nino; Waves and tides.
iv) Biogeography
Origin and types of soils; Major biomes of the world; Ecosystem and food chain; Environmental degradation and conservation.

Section-B
Human Geography
i) Man and Environment Relationship
Growth and development of Human Geography; Concepts of Determinism and Possibilism.
ii) Population
Races of mankind and tribes; growth and distribution of world population; migration; population problems of developed and developing countries.
iii) Economic Activities
Food gathering and hunting; pastoral herding; fishing and forestry; Types of agriculture-shifting, subsistence, commercial and plantation; Mining, Power; Manufacturing -locational factors of textile, iron and steel, sugar and fertilizer industries; Tertiary activities-trade, transport, communication and services.
iv) Settlements
Origin, types and patterns of rural settlements; Processes of urbanisation; morphology and functional classification of towns; million-cities and mega-cities.

Section-C
Geography of the World
i) Major Natural Regions : Characteristics, economic base and human adaptation.
ii) Regional Geography of Developed Countries : Canada, U.S.A., Western Europe, Russia, Japan, Australia and New Zealand.
iii) Regional Geography of Developing Countries : S.E. Asia, S.W. Asia, China, Southern Africa and Brazil.
iv) Regional Geography of South Asia.

Section-D
Geography of India
i) Physical Setting
Landforms, drainage, climate, soils and natural vegetation.
ii) Economic Base
Minerals & energy resources, aquatic resources, forest resources; irrigation, agriculture and industries; trade and commerce.
iii) Population
Growth, distribution and density; demographic characteristics.
iv) Environmental problems, developmental issues and regional planning.

Section-E
Geographical Thought
i) Ancient Period : Contributions of Indians, Greeks, Romans and Arabs.
ii) Pre-Modern Period : Contribution of Verenius, Kant, Humboldt and Ritter.
iii) Modern Period : Dichotomy of determinism and possibilism; contributions of Ratzel, Semple, Huntington and La Blache.
iv) Recent Period : Quantitive Revolution; Radicalism, Behaviouralism and Humanism.

Section-F
Techniques of Geographical Analysis
i) Maps : Scale and types, uses.
ii) Diagrams : Types and uses
iii) Projections : Types, characteristics and uses.
iv) Remote sensing and geographical information system (GIS) : Aerial photographs and imagery, GIS.

bank 3

• What is ASSOCHAM?
The Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India (ASSOCHAM), India's premier
apex chamber covers a membership of over 2 lakh companies and professionals across the
country. It was established in 1920 by promoter chambers, representing all regions of India. As
an apex industry body, ASSOCHAM represents the interests of industry and trade, interfaces
with Government on policy issues and interacts with counterpart international organizations to
promote bilateral economic issues. President-Swati Piramal
• What is NABARD?
NABARD was established by an act of Parliament on 12 July 1982 to implement the National
Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development Act 1981. It replaced the Agricultural Credit
Department (ACD) and Rural Planning and Credit Cell (RPCC) of Reserve Bank of India, and
Agricultural Refinance and Development Corporation (ARDC). It is one of the premiere
agency to provide credit in rural areas. NABARD is set up as an apex Development Bank with a
mandate for facilitating credit flow for promotion and development of agriculture, small-scale
industries, cottage and village industries, handicrafts and other rural crafts.
• What is SIDBI?
The Small Industries Development Bank of India is a state-run bank aimed to aid the growth
and development of micro, small and medium scale industries in India. Set up in 1990 through
an act of parliament, it was incorporated initially as a wholly owned subsidiary of Industrial
Development Bank of India.
• What is SENSEX and NIFTY?
SENSEX is the short term for the words "Sensitive Index" and is associated with the Bombay
(Mumbai) Stock Exchange (BSE). The SENSEX was first formed on 1-1-1986 and used the
market capitalization of the 30 most traded stocks of BSE. Where as NSE has 50 most traded
stocks of NSE.SENSEX IS THE INDEX OF BSE. AND NIFTY IS THE INDEX OF
NSE.BOTH WILL SHOW DAILY TRADING MARKS. Sensex and Nifty both are an "index”.
An index is basically an indicator it indicates whether most of the stocks have gone up or most
of the stocks have gone down.
• What is SEBI?
SEBI is the regulator for the Securities Market in India. Originally set up by the
Government of India in 1988, it acquired statutory form in 1992 with SEBI Act 1992 being
passed by the Indian Parliament. Chaired by C B Bhave.
• What is Mutual funds?
Mutual funds are investment companies that pool money from investors at large and offer to
sell and buy back its shares on a continuous basis and use the capital thus raised to invest in
securities of different companies. The mutual fund will have a fund manager that trades the
pooled money on a regular basis. The net proceeds or losses are then typically distributed to the
investors annually.
• What is Asset Management Companies?
A company that invests its clients' pooled fund into securities that match its declared financial
objectives. Asset management companies provide investors with more diversification and
investing options than they would have by themselves. Mutual funds, hedge funds and pension
plans are all run by asset management companies. These companies earn income by charging
service fees to their clients.
• What are non-perfoming assets?
Non-performing assets, also called non-performing loans, are loans,made by a bank or finance
company, on which repayments or interest payments are not being made on time. A debt
obligation where the borrower has not paid any previously agreed upon interest and principal
repayments to the designated lender for an extended period of time. The nonperforming asset is
therefore not yielding any income to the lender in the form of principal and interest payments.
• What is Recession?
A true economic recession can only be confirmed if GDP (Gross Domestic Product)growth is
negative for a period of two or more consecutive quarters.
• What is foreign exchange reservers?
Foreign exchange reserves (also called Forex reserves) in a strict sense are only the foreign
currency deposits and bonds held by central banks and monetary authorities.However, the
term in popular usage commonly includes foreign exchange and gold,SDRs and IMF reserve
positions.

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IMPORTAN TERMS
• What is corporate governance?
The way in which a company is governed and how it deals with the various interests of its
customers, shareholders, employees and society at large. Corporate governance is the set of
processes, customs, policies, laws, and institutions affecting the way a corporation (or company)
is directed, administered or controlled.Is defined as the general set of customs, regulations,
habits, and laws that determine to what end a firm should be run.
• Functions of RBI?
The Reserve Bank of India is the central bank of India, was established on April 1, 1935 in
accordance with the provisions of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934. The Reserve Bank of
India was set up on the recommendations of the Hilton Young Commission. The commission
submitted its report in the year 1926, though the bank was not set up for nine years.To regulate
the issue of Bank Notes and keeping of reserves with a view to securing monetary stability in
India and generally to operate the currency and credit system of the country to its advantage."
Banker to the Government: performs merchant banking function for the central and the state
governments; also acts as their banker.Banker to banks: maintains banking accounts of all
scheduled banks.
• What is monetary policy?
A Monetary policy is the process by which the government, central bank, of a country controls
(i) the supply of money, (ii) availability of money, and (iii) cost of money or rate of interest, in
order to attain a set of objectives oriented towards the growth and stability of the economy.
• What is Fiscal Policy?
Fiscal policy is the use of government spending and revenue collection to influence the
economy. These policies affect tax rates, interest rates and government spending, in an effort to
control the economy. Fiscal policy is an additional method to determine public revenue and
public expenditure.
• What is Core Banking Solutions?
Core banking is a general term used to describe the services provided by a group of networked
bank branches. Bank customers may access their funds and other simple transactions from any
of the member branch offices. It will cut down time, working simultaneously on different issues
and increasing efficiency. The platform where communication technology and information
technology are merged to suit core needs of banking is known as Core Banking Solutions.
• What is bank and its features and types?
A bank is a financial organization where people deposit their money to keep it safe.Banks play
an important role in the financial system and the economy. As a key component of the financial
system, banks allocate funds from savers to borrowers in an efficient manner.
Regional Rural Banks were established with an objective to ensure sufficient
institutional credit for agriculture and other rural sectors. The RRBs mobilize
financial resources from rural / semi-urban areas and grant loans and advances
mostly to small and marginal farmers, agricultural labourers and rural artisans.
The area of operation of RRBs is limited to the area as notified by GoI covering
one or more districts in the State.
ii. Banking services for individual customers is known as retail banking.
iii. A bank that deals mostly in but international finance, long-term loans for
companies and underwriting. Merchant banks do not provide regular banking
services to the general public
iv. Online banking (or Internet banking) allows customers to conduct financial
transactions on a secure website operated by their retail or virtual bank.
v. Mobile Banking is a service that allows you to do banking transactions on your
mobile phone without making a call , using the SMS facility. Is a term used for
performing balance checks, account transactions, payments etc. via a mobile
device such as a mobile phone.
vi. Traditional banking is the normal bank accounts we have. Like, put your money in the bank
and they act as a security and you will get only the normal interests (decided by RBI in our
case, FED bank in US).
vii. Investment banking is entirely different. Here, people who are having so much
money (money in excess which will yield only less interest if in Banks) will invest
their money and get higher returns. For example, If i have more money instead of
taking the pain of investing in share market, buying properties etc. I will give to
investment banks and they will do the money management and give me higher
returns when compared to traditional banks.
• What is E-Governance?
E-Governance is the public sector’s use of information and communication technologies with
the aim of improving information and service delivery, encouraging citizen participation in the
decision-making process and making government more accountable,transparent and effective.
• What is Right to information Act?
The Right to Information act is a law enacted by the Parliament of India giving citizens of India
access to records of the Central Government and State overnments.The Act applies to all
States and Union Territories of India, except the State of Jammu and Kashmir - which is
covered under a State-level law. This law was passed by Parliament on 15 June 2005 and came
fully into force on 13 October 2005.
• Credit Rating Agencies in India?
The credit rating agencies in India mainly include ICRA and CRISIL. ICRA wasformerly
referred to the Investment Information and Credit Rating Agency of India Limited. Their main
function is to grade the different sector and companies in terms of performance and offer
solutions for up gradation. The credit rating agencies in India mainly include ICRA and
CRISIL(Credit Rating Information Services of India Limited)
• What is Cheque?
Cheque is a negotiable instrument instructing a Bank to pay a specific amount from a specified
account held in the maker/depositor's name with that Bank.A bill of exchange drawn on a
specified banker and payable on demand.“Written order directing a bank to pay money”.
• What is demand Draft?
A demand draft is an instrument used for effecting transfer of money. It is a Negotiable
Instrument. Cheque and Demand-Draft both are used for Transfer of money. You can 100%
trust a DD. It is a banker's check. A check may be dishonored for lack of funds a DD can not.
Cheque is written by an individual and Demand draft is issued by a bank. People believe banks
more than individuals.
• What is a NBFC?
A non-banking financial company (NBFC) is a company registered under the
Companies Act, 1956 and is engaged in the business of loans and advances, acquisition of
shares/stock/bonds/debentures/securities issued by government, but does not include any
institution whose principal business is that of agriculture activity, industrial activity,
sale/purchase/construction of immovable property.
NBFCs are doing functions akin to that of banks; however there are a few differences:
(i)A NBFC cannot accept demand deposits (demand deposits are funds deposited at a
depository institution that are payable on demand -- immediately or within a very short period
-- like your current or savings accounts.)
(ii) it is not a part of the payment and settlement system and as such cannot issue cheques to its
customers; and
(iii) Deposit insurance facility of DICGC is not available for NBFC depositors unlike in case of
banks.
• Diff between banking & Finance?
Finance is generally related to all types of financial, this could be accounting, insurances and
policies. Whereas banking is everything that happens in a bank only.The term Banking and
Finance are two very different terms but are often associated together. These two terms are
often used to denote services that a bank and other financial institutions provide to its
customers.
• What is• What is Cheque?
Cheque is a negotiable instrument instructing a Bank to pay a specific amount from a specified
account held in the maker/depositor's name with that Bank.A bill of exchange drawn on a
specified banker and payable on demand.“Written order directing a bank to pay money”.
• What is demand Draft?
A demand draft is an instrument used for effecting transfer of money. It is a Negotiable
Instrument. Cheque and Demand-Draft both are used for Transfer of money. You can 100%
trust a DD. It is a banker's check. A check may be dishonored for lack of funds a DD can not.
Cheque is written by an individual and Demand draft is issued by a bank. People believe banks
more than individuals.
• What is a NBFC?
A non-banking financial company (NBFC) is a company registered under the
Companies Act, 1956 and is engaged in the business of loans and advances, acquisition of
shares/stock/bonds/debentures/securities issued by government, but does not include any
institution whose principal business is that of agriculture activity, industrial activity,
sale/purchase/construction of immovable property.
NBFCs are doing functions akin to that of banks; however there are a few differences:
(i)A NBFC cannot accept demand deposits (demand deposits are funds deposited at a
depository institution that are payable on demand -- immediately or within a very short period
-- like your current or savings accounts.)
(ii) it is not a part of the payment and settlement system and as such cannot issue cheques to its
customers; and
(iii) Deposit insurance facility of DICGC is not available for NBFC depositors unlike in case of
banks.
• Diff between banking & Finance?
Finance is generally related to all types of financial, this could be accounting, insurances and
policies. Whereas banking is everything that happens in a bank only.The term Banking and
Finance are two very different terms but are often associated together. These two terms are
often used to denote services that a bank and other financial institutions provide to its
customers. NASSCOM ?
The National Association of Software and Services Companies (NASSCOM), the Indian
chamber of commerce is a consortium that serves as an interface to the Indian software
industry and Indian BPO industry. Maintaining close interaction with the Government of India
in formulating National IT policies with specific focus on IT software and services maintaining
a state of the art information database of IT software and services related activities for use of
both the software developers as well as interested companies overseas. Mr. Som Mittal –
President. Chairman-Pramod Bhasin

banking terms

Banking Terms
1. What is a Repo Rate?
A: Repo rate is the rate at which our banks borrow rupees from RBI. Whenever the banks have
any shortage of funds they can borrow it from RBI. A reduction in the repo rate will help banks
to get money at a cheaper rate. When the repo rate increases, borrowing from RBI becomes
more expensive.
2. What is Reverse Repo Rate?
A: This is exact opposite of Repo rate. Reverse Repo rate is the rate at which Reserve Bank of
India (RBI) borrows money from banks. RBI uses this tool when it feels there is too much
money floating in the banking system. Banks are always happy to lend money to RBI since their
money is in safe hands with a good interest. An increase in Reverse repo rate can cause the
banks to transfer more funds to RBI due to this attractive interest rates.
3. What is CRR Rate?
A: Cash reserve Ratio (CRR) is the amount of funds that the banks have to keep with RBI. If
RBI decides to increase the percent of this, the available amount with the banks comes down.
RBI is using this method (increase of CRR rate), to drain out the excessive money from the
banks.
4. What is SLR Rate?
A: SLR (Statutory Liquidity Ratio) is the amount a commercial bank needs to maintain in the
form of cash, or gold or govt. approved securities (Bonds) before providing credit to its
customers. SLR rate is determined and maintained by the RBI (Reserve Bank of India) in order
to control the expansion of bank credit. SLR is determined as the percentage of total demand
and percentage of time liabilities. Time Liabilities are the liabilities a commercial bank liable to
pay to the customers on their anytime demand. SLR is used to control inflation and propel
growth. Through SLR rate tuning the money supply in the system can be controlled efficiently.
5. What is Bank Rate?
A: Bank rate, also referred to as the discount rate, is the rate of interest which a central bank
charges on the loans and advances that it extends to commercial banks and other financial
intermediaries. Changes in the bank rate are often used by central banks to control the money
supply.
6. What is Inflation?
A: Inflation is as an increase in the price of bunch of Goods and services that projects the
Indian economy. An increase in inflation figures occurs when there is an increase in the average
level of prices in Goods and services. Inflation happens when there are fewer Goods and more
buyers; this will result in increase in the price of Goods, since there is more demand and less
supply of the goods.
7. What is Deflation?
A: Deflation is the continuous decrease in prices of goods and services. Deflation occurs when
the inflation rate becomes negative (below zero) and stays there for a longer period.
8. What is PLR?
A: The Prime Interest Rate is the interest rate charged by banks to their most creditworthy
customers (usually the most prominent and stable business customers). The rate is almost
always the same amongst major banks. Adjustments to the prime rate are made by banks at the
same time; although, the prime rate does not adjust on any regular basis. The Prime Rate is
usually adjusted at the same time and in correlation to the adjustments of the Fed Funds Rate.
The rates reported below are based upon the prime rates on the first day of each respective
month. Some banks use the name "Reference Rate" or "Base Lending Rate" to refer to their
Prime Lending Rate.
9. What is Deposit Rate?
A: Interest Rates paid by a depository institution on the cash on deposit.
10. What is FII?
A: FII (Foreign Institutional Investor) used to denote an investor, mostly in the form of an
institution. An institution established outside India, which proposes to invest in Indian market,
in other words buying Indian stocks. FII's generally buy in large volumes which has an impact
on the stock markets. Institutional Investors includes pension funds, mutual funds, Insurance
Companies, Banks, etc.
11. What is FDI?
A: FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) occurs with the purchase of the “physical assets or a
significant amount of ownership (stock) of a company in another country in order to gain a
measure of management control” (Or) A foreign company having a stake in a Indian Company.
12. What is IPO?
A: IPO is Initial Public Offering. This is the first offering of shares to the general public from a
company wishes to list on the stock exchanges.
13. What is Disinvestment?
A: The Selling of the government stake in public sector undertakings.
14. What is Fiscal Deficit?
A: It is the difference between the government’s total receipts (excluding borrowings) and total
expenditure. Fiscal deficit in 2009-10 is proposed at 6.8% of GDP.
15. What is Revenue deficit?
A: It defines that, where the net amount received (by taxes & other forms) fails to meet the
predicted net amount to be received by the government. Revenue deficit in 2009-10 is proposed
at 4.8% of GDP.
16. What is GDP?
A: The Gross Domestic Product or GDP is a measure of all of the services and goods produced
in a country over a specific period; classically a year. GDP during 2008-09 is 6.7%.
17. What is GNP?
A: Gross National Product is measured as GDP plus income of residents from investments
made abroad minus income earned by foreigners in domestic market.
18. What is National Income?
A: National Income is the money value of all goods and services produced in a country during
the year.
19. What is Per Capita Income?
A: The national income of a country, or region, divided by its population. Per capita income is
often used to measure a country's standard of living.Per capita income during 2008-09
estimated by CSO: Rs.25, 494.
20. What is Vote on Account?
A: A vote-on account is basically a statement ,where the government presents an estimate of a
sum required to meet the expenditure that it incurs during the first three to four months of an
election financial year until a new government is in place, to keep the machinery running.
21. Difference between Vote on Account and Interim Budget?
A: Vote-on-account deals only with the expenditure side of the government's budget, an interim
Budget is a complete set of accounts, including both expenditure and receipts.
22. What is SDR?
A: The SDR (Special Drawing Rights) is an artificial currency created by the IMF in 1969.
SDRs are allocated to member countries and can be fully converted into international
currencies so they serve as a supplement to the official foreign reserves of member countries. Its
value is based on a basket of key international currencies (U.S. dollar, euro, yen and pound
sterling).
23. What is SEZ?
A: SEZ means Special Economic Zone is the one of the part of government’s policies in India. A
special Economic zone is a geographical region that economic laws which are more liberal than
the usual economic laws in the country. The basic motto behind this is to increase foreign
investment, development of infrastructure, job opportunities and increase the income level of
the people.

Cups & Trophies Associated with Sports------International--2

• U. Thant Cup : Tennis
• Uber Cup : Badminton (Women)
• Walker Cup : Golf
• Westchester Cup : Polo
• Wightman Cup : Lawn Tennis
• World Cup : Cricket
• World Cup : Hockey
• Reliance Cup : Cricket
• Rothman's Trophy : Cricket
• William's Cup : Basketball
• European Champions Cup : Football
• Eisenhower Cup : Golf
• Essande Champions Cup : Hockey
• Rene Frank Trophy : Hockey
• Grand Prix : Table Tennis
• Edgbaston Cup : Lawn Tennis
• Grand Prix : Lawn Tennis
• World Cup : Weight-lifting

Cups & Trophies Associated with Sports------International--1

American Cup : Yacht Racing

Ashes : Cricket

Benson and Hedges : Cricket

Canada Cup : Golf

Colombo Cup : Football

Corbitton Cup : Table Tennis (Women)

Davis Cup : Lawn Tennis

Derby : Horse Race

Grand National : Horse Streple Chase Race

Jules Rimet Trophy : World Soccer Cup

King's Cup : Air Races

Merdeka Cup : Football

Rydet Cup : Golf

Swaythling Cup : Table Tennis (Men)

Thomas Cup : Badminton

Cups & Trophies Associated with Sports-----National-2

Kuppuswamy Naidu Trophy :
Hockey

Lady Rattan Tata Trophy : Hockey

MCC Trophy : Hockey

Moinuddaula Gold Cup : Cricket

Murugappa Gold Cup : Hockey

Modi Gold Cup : Hockey

Narang Cup : Badminton

Nehru Trophy : Hockey

Nixan Gold Cup : Football

Obaid Ullah Gold Cup : Hockey

Prithi Singh Cup : Polo

Rani Jhansi Trophy : Cricket

Ranjit Trophy : Cricket
#

Rangaswami Cup : Hockey
#

Ranjit Singh Gold Cup : Hockey
#

Rajendra Prasad Cup : Tennis
#

Ramanujan Trophy : Table Tennis
#

Rene Frank Trophy : Hockey
#

Radha Mohan Cup : Polo
#

Raghbir Singh Memorial : Football
#

Rohinton Baria Trophy : Cricket
#

Rovers Cup : Football
#

Sanjay Gold Cup : Football
#

Santosh Trophy : Football
#

Sir Ashutosh Mukherjee : Football
#

Subroto Cup : Football
#

Scindia Gold Cup : Hockey
#

Sahni Trophy : Hockey
#

Sheesh Mahal Trophy : Cricket
#

Todd Memorial Trophy : Football
#

Tommy Eman Gold Cup : Hockey
#

Vittal Trophy : Football
#

Vizzy Trophy : Cricket
#

Vijay Merchant Trophy : Cricket
#

Wellington Trophy : Rowing
#

Wills Trophy : Cricke

National



Agarwal Cup : Badminton

Agha Khan Cup : Hockey

All-India Women's Guru Nanak
Championship : Hockey

Bandodkar Trophy : Football

Bangalore Blues Challenge Cup :
Basketball

Barna-Bellack Cup : Table Tennis

Beighton Cup : Hockey

Bombay Gold Cup : Hockey

Burdwan Trophy : Weight-lifting

Charminar Trophy : Athletics

Chadha Cup : Badminton

C. K. Naydu Trophy : Cricket

Chakoia Gold Trophy : Football

Divan Cup : Badminton

Deodhar Trophy : Cricket

Duleep Trophy : Cricket

D. C. M. Cup : Football

Durand Cup : Football

Dhyan Chand Trophy : Hockey

Dr. B. C. Roy Trophy : Football

(Junior)
Ezra Cup : Polo


F. A. Cup : Football


G. D. Birla Trophy : Cricket


Ghulam Ahmed Trophy : Cricket


Gurmeet Trophy : Hockey


Gura Nanak Cup : Hockey


Gyanuati Devi Trophy : Hockey


Holkar Trophy : Bridge


lrani Trophy : Cricket


I. F. A. Shield : Football


lndira Gold Cup : Hockey


Jawaharlal Challenge : Air Racing


Jaswant Singh Trophy : Best Services Sportsman

List of Bharat Ratna Awardees

Complete list of Bharat Ratna Awardees S.No Name Birth / death Awarded Notes Indian state or country 1. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan 1888–1975 1954 Second President, First Vice President, Philosopher. Tamil Nadu 2. Chakravarti Rajagopalachari 1878–1972 1954 Last Governor-General, Freedom Fighter. Tamil Nadu 3. C. V. Raman 1888–1970 1954 Nobel-prize winning Physicist Tamil Nadu 4. Bhagwan Das 1869–1958 1955 Philosopher, Freedom Fighter Uttar Pradesh 5. Sir Mokshagundam Visvesvarayya 1861–1962 1955 Civil Engineer Karnataka 6. Jawaharlal Nehru 1889–1964 1955 First Prime Minister, Freedom Fighter, Author. Uttar Pradesh 7. Govind Ballabh Pant 1887–1961 1957 Freedom Fighter, Home Minister Uttar Pradesh 8. Dhondo Keshav Karve 1858–1962 1958 Educationist, Social Reformer Maharashtra 9. B. C. Roy 1882–1962 1961 Physician, Politician West Bengal 10. Purushottam Das Tandon 1882–1962 1961 Freedom Fighter, Educationalist. Uttar Pradesh 11. Rajendra Prasad 1884–1963 1962 First President, Freedom Fighter, Jurist Bihar 12. Zakir Hussain 1897–1969 1963 Former President, Scholar. Andhra Pradesh 13. Pandurang Vaman Kane 1880–1972 1963 Indologist and Sanskrit scholar Maharashtra 14. Lal Bahadur Shastri 1904–1966 1966 Posthumous, Second Prime Minister, Freedom Fighter Uttar Pradesh 15. Indira Gandhi 1917–1984 1971 Former Prime Minister Uttar Pradesh 16. V. V. Giri 1894–1980 1975 Former President, Trade Unionist. Andhra Pradesh 17. K. Kamaraj 1903–1975 1976 Posthumous, Freedom Fighter, Chief Minister-Tamil Nadu. Tamil Nadu 18. Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu (Mother Teresa) 1910–1997 1980 Naturalized Indian citizen, Nobel Laureate (Peace, 1979). West Bengal 19. Acharya Vinoba Bhave 1895–1982 1983 Posthumous, Social Reformer, Freedom Figher. Maharashtra 20. Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan 1890–1988 1987 First non-citizen, Freedom Fighter. Pakistan 21. M. G. Ramachandran 1917–1987 1988 Posthumous, Chief Minister-Tamil Nadu, Actor. Tamil Nadu 22. B. R. Ambedkar 1891–1956 1990 Posthumous, Architect-Indian Constitution, Leader of Buddhist people of India Maharashtra 23. Nelson Mandela b. 1918 1990 Second non-citizen and first non-Indian, Leader of Anti-Apartheid movement. South Africa 24. Rajiv Gandhi 1944–1991 1991 Posthumous, Former Prime Minister New Delhi 25. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel 1875–1950 1991 Posthumous, Freedom Fighter, First Home Minister of India. Gujarat 26. Morarji Desai 1896–1995 1991 Former Prime Minister, Freedom Fighter. Gujarat 27. Maulana Abul Kalam Azad 1888–1958 1992 Posthumous, Freedom Fighter, Educator. West Bengal 28. J. R. D. Tata 1904–1993 1992 Industrialist and philanthropist. Maharashtra 29. Satyajit Ray 1922–1992 1992 Legendary Indian Film Director West Bengal 30. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam b. 1931 1997 Former President, Scientist. Tamil Nadu 31. Gulzarilal Nanda 1898–1998 1997 Freedom Fighter, former Prime Minister. Punjab 32. Aruna Asaf Ali 1908–1996 1997 Posthumous, Freedom Fighter. West Bengal 33. M. S. Subbulakshmi 1916–2004 1998 Classical singer. Tamil Nadu 34. Chidambaram Subramaniam 1910–2000 1998 Freedom Fighter, Minister of Agriculture(Father of Green revolution). Tamil Nadu 35. Jayaprakash Narayan 1902–1979 1998 Posthumous, Freedom Fighter, Social Reformer. Uttar Pradesh 36. Ravi Shankar b. 1920 1999 Classical sitar player. west bengal 37. Amartya Sen b. 1933 1999 Nobel Laureate (Economics, 1998), Economist. West Bengal 38. Gopinath Bordoloi 1890–1950 1999 Posthumous, freedom fighter Assam 39. Lata Mangeshkar b. 1929 2001 Play back singer. Maharashtra 40. Ustad Bismillah Khan 1916-2006 2001 Classical Maestro Uttar Pradesh Note : No one was awarded the country's highest civilian award Bharat Ratna in 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 and 2007

Abbreviations 22

X
X-tian	Christian
Y
YMCA YWCA	Young Men's Christians Association Young Women's Christians Association
Z
ZBB ZPG ZS ZSI	Zero Based Budgeting Zero Population Growth Zoological Society Zoological Survey of India

Abbreviations 21

W
WEF WHO WILL WMO WWF WPI WTO WWF WWW	World Economic Forum World Health Organisation Wireless in Local Loop World Meteorological Organisation World Wild Life Fund Wholesale Price Index World Trade Organisation World Wild Life Fund for Nature World Wide Web

Abbreviations 20

V
VAT VDIS VC VIP VPP VRS VSNL VSSC	Value Added Tax Voluntary Disclosure of Income Scheme Vice-Chancellor / Victoria Cross Very Important Person Value Payable Post Voluntary Retirement Scheme Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre

Abbreviations 19

U

UDC UFO UGC UHT ULFA UNCTAD UNDP UNEF UNEP UNESCO UNFPA UNHCR UNI UNICEF UNO UPS UPSC USP USSR UTI

Upper Division Clerk Unidentified Flying Object University Grants Commission Ultra High Temperature United Liberation Front of Assam United Nations Conference on Trade and Development United Nations Development Programme United Nations Emergency Force United Nations Environment Programme United Nations Economic Social and Cultural Organisation United Nations for Population Activities United Nations High Commission for Refugees United News of India United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund United Nations Organisation Uninterrupted Power Supply Union Public Service Commission Unique Selling Proposition, Union of Soviet Socialist Republic Unit Trust of India

Abbreviations 18

T

TA TC TELCO TELEX TISCO TNT TOEFL TRAI TRIPS TTE TTFI TWA

Travelling Aliowance / Territorial Anmy Transfer Certificate, Trusteeship Council Tata Engineering and Locomotive Company Teleprinter Exchange Tata Iron and Steel Company Limited Tri-nitro-toluene Test of English as a Foreign Language Telecom Regulatory Authority of India Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights Travelling Ticket Examiner Table Tennis Federation of India Trans World Airlines (USA)

Abbreviations 16

Q
QED QEF QEI QMG	Quod Erat Demonstrandum (Which was to be proved) Quod Erat Faciendum (Which was to be done) Quod Erat Inveniendum (Which was to be found) Quarter Master General

Abbreviations 15

Q
QED QEF QEI QMG	Quod Erat Demonstrandum (Which was to be proved) Quod Erat Faciendum (Which was to be done) Quod Erat Inveniendum (Which was to be found) Quarter Master General

Abbreviations 14

P
PCI PCS Ph. D PIN PLO PM POTA PSLV PTI PRO PTO PVC PVSM PWD PWG	Press Council of India Provincial Civil Services Doctor of 'Philosophy Posial lndex Number Palestine Liberation Organisation Post Meridian / Prime Minister Prevention of Terrorism Act Polar. Satellite Launch Vehicle Press Trust of India Public Relations Officer Please Turn Over Poly Vinyl Chloride / Paramvir Chakra Param Vishisht Seva Medal Public Work's Department People's War Group

Abbreviations 13

O
OGL OIL OK ONGC OPEC	Open General Licence Oil India Limited All Correct Oil and Natural Gas Commission Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries

Abbreviations 12

N

NABARD NACO NAEP NAFED NAFTA NAPP NASA NASDAQ NASSCOM NATO NCW NCCR NCERT NDA NDDB NDF NEERI NEFA NEPA NFDC NFL NHRC NICO NIDC NIIT NIMHANS NITIE NMDS NMEP NOIDA NPC NPP NPT NRDC NREP NRI NSC NSSO NTC NTPC

National Bank for Agricultural and Rural Development National AIDS Control Organisation National Adult Education Programme National Agricultural and Marketing Federation North American Free Trade Agreement Narora Atomic Power Plant National Aeronautics and Space Administration (USA) National Association of Security Dealer's Active Quotation National Association of Software & Service Companies North Atlantic Treaty Organisation National Commission for Women National Council for Civil Right National Council of Educational Research & Training National Defence Academy National Dairy Development Board (Anand, Gujarat) National Defence Fund . National Environment Engineering Research Institute North-East Frontier Agency National Environment Protection Authority National Film Development Corporation National Fertilizer Limited National Human Rights Commission New Information and Communication Order National Industrial Development Corporation National Institute of Information Technology National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro-Sciences National Institute for Training in Industrial Engineering National Missile Defence System (US) National Malaria Eradication Programme New Okhla Industrial Development Authority National Productivity Council National Population Policy Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty National Research and Development Corporation National Rural Employment Programme Non Resident Indian National Security Council National Sample Survey Organisation National Textile Corporation National Thermal Power Corporation

Abbreviations 11

M

MA MASER MBA MBBS MBT MCA MCC MD MFN MI MISA MIT MLA MLC MNC MRCP MRCS MRTPC MODVAT

Master of Arts Microwave Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation Master of Business Administration Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery Main Battle Tank Monetary Compensatory Allowance / Master of Computer Application Melbourne Cricket Club Doctor of Medicine Most Favoured Nation Military Intelligence Maintenance of Internal Security Act Mechachusates Institute of Technology (USA) Member of Legislative Assembly Member of Legislative Council Multi National Corporation Member of Royal College of Physicians Member of Royal College of Surgeons Monopoly and Restrictive Trade Practices Commission Modified Value Added Tax

Abbreviations 10

L
LASER LIC LLB LLM LMG LoC LoAC LPG LSD LTTE	Light Amplification By Stimulated Emission of Radiation Life Insurance Corporation of India Bachelor of Law Master of Law Light Machine Gum Line of Control (Pakistan) Line of Actual Control (China) Liquefied Petroleum Gas Lysergic acid di-ethylamide Liberation Tigers of Tamil Elam

Abbreviations 9

I

IAAI lAC IAEA IARI IBRD ICAR ICBM ICC ICFTU ICICI ICJ ICMR ICSI IDA IDBI IDO IDPL IFA IFCI IFFI IFFCO IFTU IIPA lIS IISCO lIT ILO IMA IMF INGCA INS INSAT INTELSAT INTERPOL INTUC IOC IPC IPKF IQ IRBM IRC IRDA IRDP ISB ISM ISO ISP ISRO IST ITBP ITDC ITPO ITO ITUC

International Airport Authority of India Indian Airlines Corporation International Atomic Energy Agency Indian Agricultural Research Institute International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank) Indian Council of Agricultural Research Inter Continental Ballistic Missile International Cricket Council International Confederation of Free Trade Unions Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India Limited International Court of Justice Indian Council of Medical Research Indian Company Secretaries Institute International Development Agency Industrial Development Bank of India International Defence Organisation Indian Drugs and Pharmaceuticals Limited Indian Football Association Industrial Finance Corporation of India International Film Festival of India Indian Farmers Fertilizers Cooperative International Federation of Trade Unions Indian Institute of Public Administration Indian Institute of Sciences Indian Iron and Steel Company Indian Institute of Technology International Labour Organisation Indian Military Academy International Monetary Fund Indira Gandhi Gallery for Culture and Art Indian Naval Ship Indian National Satellite International Telecommunication Satellite International Police Organisation Indian National Trade Union Congress International Olympic Committee / Indian Oil Corporation Indian Penal Code Indian Peace Keeping Force Intelligence Quotient Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile International Red Cross Insurance Regulatory Development Authority Integrated Rural Development Programme Indian Standard Bureau Indian School of Mines International Organisation for Standardisation Internet Services Provider Indian Space Research Organisation Indian Standard Time Indo-Tibet Border Police Indian Tourism Development Corporation Indian Trade Promotion Organisation International Trade Organisation Indian Trade Union Congress

Abbreviations 8

H
HAC HAL HCF HDFC HIV HMT HUDCO HYVS	Hindustan Aluminium Corporation Hindustan Aeronautics Limited Highest Common Factor Housing Development Finance Corporation Human Immuno-deficiency Virus Hindustan Machine Tools Housing and Urban Development Corporation High Yield Variety Seeds

Abbreviations 7

G
GAIL GATT GIC GMT GNLF GNP GPF GPO GPS GSI	Gas Authority of India Limited General Agreement on Tariff and Trade General Insurance Corporation Greenwich Mean Time Gorkha National Liberation Front Gross National Product General Provident Fund General Post Office Global Positioning System Geological Survey of India

Abbreviations 6

F

FAO FBI FBTR FCI FDR FERA FEMA FICCI FIPB FIR FRS FTII FTZ

Food and Agriculture Organisation Federal Bureau of Investigation (USA) Fast Breeder Test Reactor Food Corporation of India / Fertilizer Corporation of India Flight Data Recorder (Black Box) Foreign Exchange Regulation Act Foreign Exchange Management Act Federation of India Chambers of Commerce and Industry Foreign Investment Promotion Board First Information Report Fellow of the Royal Society Films and Television Institute of India Free Trade Zone

Abbreviations 5

E
EAS ECD ECG EEC EEG ELISA EMF EPABX EPZ ERDA ESMA EVM EXIM Bank	Employment Assurance Scheme European Central Bank Electro Cardiogram European Economic Community Electro Encephalogram Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay Electromotive Force Electronic Private Automatic Branch Exchange Export Processing Zone Energy Research and Development Administration Essential Services Maintenance Act Electronic Voting Machine Export-Import Bank of India

Abbreviations 4

D
DDT DFDR DIG D.Lit. DM DMK DNA DPAP DPC DPSA DRDO DTH DVD	Dichloro Diphenyle Tri-chloroethane 'Digital Flight Data Recorder (Black box)' Deputy Inspector General Doctor of Literature District Magistrate Dravida Munetra Kazhagam Di-oxyribo-Nucleic Acid 'Drought Prone Area Programme Dabhol Power Company Deep Penetration Strike Aircraft Defence Research and Development Organisation Direct to Home Digital Versatile Disk

Abbreviations 3

C

CAD CAG CARE CASE CAT CAZRI CBI CBSE CCEA CCS C-DAC CDMA CDRI CDS CHOGM CID CIS CISF CITU CNG COD COFEPOSA CPO CPRI CRPF CRR CSIR CSO CTS CVC

Command Area Development Comptroller and Auditor General Cooperative for American Relief Everywhere Commission for Alternative Sources of Energy Central Administrative Tribunal, Computerised Axial Tomography  Central Arid Zone Research Institute Central Bureau of Investigation Central. Board of Secondary Education Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs Cabinet Committee on Security Centre For Development of Advance Computing Code Division Multiple Access Central Drug Research Institute Compulsory Deposit Scheme Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting Criminal Investigation Department Commonwealth of Independent States Central Industrial Security Force , Centre of Indian Trade Unions Compressed Natural Gas Central Ordnance Depot Conservation of Foreign Exchange and Prevention of Smuggling Act Central Passport Organisation Central Power Research Institute Central Reserve Police Force Cash Reserve Ratio Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Central Statistical Organisation Computerised Tomography Scanner Central Vigilance Commission

Abbreviations 2

B

BAMS BARC BBC BC BCG BCCI BEL BENELUX BHEL BIFR BIMSTEC BIS B Pharma BSF

Bachelor of Ayurvedic Medicine and Surgery Bhabha Atomic Research Centre British Broadcasting Corporation Before Christ (Before the birth of Jesus) Bacillus Calmette Guerin (Anti TB Vaccine) Board of Control for Cricket in India Bharat Electronics Limited Belgium, Netherlands and Luxemburg Bharat Heavy Electronics Limited Board of Industrial Finance and Reconstruction (Formerly Industrial Reconstruction Finance Board) Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Thailand Economic Cooperation Bureau of Indian Standards Bachelor of Pharmacy Border Security Force

Abbreviations

A

AAFI AAPSO AASU ABM AC ACC AD ADB AERE AGOC AICC AICTE AIDS AIFE AIIMS AIL AIMPLB AIR AITUE AM ANC APEC APSC ASEAN ASLV ASI ASSOCHAM ASWAC ATS

Amateur Athletics Federation of India Afro-Asian People's Solidarity Organisation All Assam Students Union Anti Ballistic Missile Alternate Current / Ashok Chakra / Air Conditioner / Antarctic Club Anxillary Cadet Core Ano Domini (After the birth of Jesus) Asian Development Bank . Atomic Energy Research Establishment Asian Games Organisation Committee All India Congress Committee All India Council of Technical Education Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome All India Football Federation All India Institute of Medical Sciences Aeronautics India Limited All India Muslim Personal Law Board All India Radio (Broadcasting) All India Trade Union Congress Anti Meridian (Before Noon) African National Congress Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation Army Postal Services Core Association of South East Asian Nations Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle Archaeological Survey of India Associated Chamber of Commerce and Industry (India)  Airborne Surveillance Warning and Control Anti Tetanus Serum

IMPORTANT DAYS -12

December ::

December 1 -- Central African Republic-National Day
December 5 -- Thailand-His Majesty's Birthday
December 6 -- Finland-Independence Day
December 9 -- Tanzania-Independence Day
December 11 -- Upper Volta-Republic Day
December 12 -- Kenya-Independence Day
December 18 -- Niger-Independence Day
December 21 -- Nepal-Independence Day 

IMPORTANT DAYS -11

November ::

November 1 -- Algeria-Revolution Day
November 3 -- Panama-Independence Day
November 3 -- Dominica-Independence Day
November 7 -- Soviet Union-Revolution Day
November 9 -- Cambodia-Independence Day
November 11 -- Angola-Wasteland Day
November 11 -- Rhodesia-Independence Day
November 12 -- Saudi Arabia-The King's Coronation
November 12 -- Comoros-Independence Day
November 19 -- Monaco-National Fete
November 22 -- Lebanon-Independence Day
November 25 -- Suriname-Independence Day
November 28 -- Albania-Coors Day
November 28 -- Mauritania-Independence Day
November 29 -- Southern Yemen-Coors Day
November 29-30 -- Yugoslavia-Republic Days
November 30 -- Barbados-Independence Day

IMPORTANT DAYS -10

October ::

October 1-2 -- People's Republic of China-National Day
October 1 -- Nigeria-Independence Day
October 2 -- Guinea-Independence Day
October 4 -- Lesotho (Basutoland) Independence Day
October 7 -- Fiji-Cession Day around
October 7 -- East Germany-Constitution Day
October 9 -- Uganda-Wasteland Day
October 10 -- Republic of China/Taiwan-National Day
October 12 -- Spain-National Day
October 24 -- Zambia-Independence Day
October 26 -- Iran-Birthday of the Shah
October 26 -- South Vietnam-Republic Day
October 27 -- Saint Vincent and Grenadines-Independence Day
October 29 -- Turkey-Republic Day

IMPORTANT DAYS -9

September ::

September 1 -- Libya-Revolution Day
September 2 -- Vietnam-National Day
September 3 -- Qatar-Independence Day
September 3 -- San Marino-Anniversary of Founding
September 6 -- Swaziland-Independence Day
September 7 -- Brazil-Independence Day
September 8 -- Andorra-National Festival
September 9 -- North Korea-Founding Day
September 9 -- Bulgaria-Liberation Day
September 15 -- Costa Rica-Independence Day
September 15 -- El Salvador-Independence Day
September 15 -- Guatemala-Independence Day
September 15 -- Honduras-Independence Day
September 15 -- Nicaragua-Independence Day
September 16 -- Mexico-Independence Day
September 16 -- Papua-New Guinea-Independence Day
September 18 -- Chile-Independence Day
September 21 -- Belize-Independence Day
September 21 -- Malta-Independence Day
September 22 -- Mali-Republic Day
September 23 -- Saudi Arabia-National Day
September 26 -- Yemen-National Day
September 30 -- Botswana-Independence Day

IMPORTANT DAYS -8

August ::

August 1 -- Dahomey-Independence Day
August 1 -- Switzerland-Confederation Day
August 5 -- Upper Volta-Independence Day
August 6 -- Bolivia-Independence Day
First Monday in August -- Jamaica-Independence Day
August 7 -- Ivory Coast-Independence Day
August 9 -- Singapore-National Day
August 10 -- Ecuador-Independence Day
August 14 -- Pakistan-Independence Day
August 15 -- Republic of Congo/Brazzaville-Independence Day
August 15 -- India-Independence Day
August 16 -- Cyprus-Independence Day
August 17 -- Gabon-Independence Day
August 17 -- Indonesia-Independence Day
August 18 -- Afghanistan-Independence Day
August 23 -- Rumania-Liberation Day
August 25 -- Uruguay-Independence Day
August 31 -- Trinidad and Tobago-Independence Day
August 31 -- Malaysia-Merdeka Day (Freedom Day)

IMPORTANT DAYS -7

July ::

July 1 -- Burundi-Independence Day
July 1 -- Canada-Canada Day
July 1 -- Ghana-Republic Day
July 1 -- Rwanda-Independence Day
July 1 -- Somalia-Independence Day
3 Belarus: National Day
July 4 -- United States of American-Independence Day
July 5 -- Venezuela-Independence Day
July 6 -- Malawi-Independence Day
July 9 -- Argentina-Independence Day
July 10 -- Bahamas-Independence Day
July 11 -- Mongolia-Revolution Day
July 12 -- Sao Tome and Principe-Independence Day
July 14 -- France-Bastille Day
July 14 -- Iraq-Republic Day
July 17 -- South Korea-Constitution Day
July 20 -- Colombia-Independence Day
July 21 -- Belgium-Independence Day
July 22 -- Poland-Liberation Day
July 23 -- Egypt-National Day
July 23 -- Ethiopia-Emperor's Birthday
July 26 -- Liberia-Independence Day
July 26 -- Maldive Islands-Independence Day
July 28 -- Peru-Independence Day


4 United States of America: Independence Day 5 Cape Verde: National Day
5 Rwanda: Independence Day
5 Venezuela: National Day 6 Comoros: National Day
6 Malawi: National Day
7 Solomon Islands: National Day
10 Bahamas: Independence Day
11 Mongolia: Anniversary of the Mongolian People's Revolution
12 Kiribati: National Day
12 Sao Tome & Principe: National Day
14 France: Bastille Day
17 Iraq: National Day
20 Colombia: National Day
21 Belgium: Accession of King Leopold I (1831)
23 Egypt: Anniversary of the Revolution of 23rd July
26 Liberia: National Day
26 Maldives: National Day
28 Peru: Independence Day
30 Vanuatu: Independence Day

IMPORTANT DAYS -6

June ::

June 1 -- Tunisia-National Day
June 1 -- Western Samoa-Independence Day
June 2 -- West Germany-Republic Day
June 2 -- Italy-Republic or Constitution Day
June 4 -- Tonga-Emancipation Day
June 5 -- Seychelles-Independence Day
June 6 -- Sweden-National Day
June 10 -- Portugal-Portugal Day, Camoes Day & Day of Portuguese Communities
June 12 -- The Philippines-Independence Day
June 12 -- Russia-National Day
June 17 -- Iceland-Republic Day
June 18 -- Seychelles-National Day
June 19 -- Kuwait-National Day
June 23 -- Luxembourg-National Day & Official Birthday of HRH the Grand Duke
June 25 -- Croatia-Independence Day
June 25 -- Slovenia-National Day
June 25 -- Mozambique-Independence Day
June 26 -- Malagasy Republic/Madagascar-Independence Day
June 27 -- Djibouti-Independence Day
June 30 -- Republic of Congo/Kinshasa-Independence Day
June 30 -- Zaire-Independence Day

IMPORTANT DAYS -5

May ::

May 1 -- Marshall Islands-National Day
May 3 -- Poland-National Day
May 9 -- European Union-European Day
May 9 -- Czechoslovakia-Anniversary of Liberation
May 11 -- Laos-Constitution or National Day
May 12 -- Israel-Independence Day
May 14 -- Paraguay-Independence Day
May 15 -- Israel-Independence Day
May 17 -- Norway-Constitution Day
May 20 -- Cuba-Independence Day
May 20 -- Cameroon-National Day
May 22 -- Yemen-National Day
May 24 -- Eritrea-Independence Day
May 25 -- Argentina-National Day
May 25 -- Jordan-Independence Day
May 26 -- Guyana-Independence Day
May 26 -- Georgia-National Day
May 28 -- Azerbaijan-National Day
May 28 -- Ethiopia-National Day
May 30 -- Croatia-Statehood Day
May 31 -- South Africa-Republic Day

IMPORTANT DAYS -4

April ::

April 4 -- Hungary-Liberation Day
April 4 -- Senegal-Independence Day
April 16 -- Denmark-Queen's Birthday
April 17 -- Syria-Independence Day
April 18 -- Zimbabwe/Rhodesia-Independence Day
April 19 -- Sierra Leone-Republic Day
April 26 -- Tanzania-Independence Day
April 26 -- Yugoslavia-Constitution Day (Federal Republic of Yugoslavia)
April 27 -- Austria-Founding of the Second Republic
April 27 -- South Africa-Freedom Day
April 27 -- Sierra Leone-Independence Day
April 27 -- Togo-Independence Day
April 28 -- Afghanistan-Victory of the Afghan Jehad
April 29 -- Japan-Emporer's Birthday
April 30 -- The Netherlands/Holland-Queen's Birthday

IMPORTANT DAYS -3

March ::

March 1 -- Wales-National Day-St. David's Day
March 1 -- Bosnia & Herzegovina-National Day
March 3 -- Morocco-National Day
March 3 -- Bulgaria-National Day
March 6 -- Ghana-Independence Day
March 12 -- Mauritius-Independence Day
March 17 -- Ireland-St. Patrick's Day
March 19 -- Liechtenstein-St.Joseph's Day
March 20 -- Tunisia-Anniversary of the Independence of the Republic of Tunisia
March 21 -- Namibia-Independence Day
March 23 -- Pakistan-Pakistan Day
March 25 -- Greece-Independence Day
March 26 -- Bangladesh-Independence Day

IMPORTANT DAYS -2

February ::

February  4 -- Ceylon/Sri Lanka-Independence Day
February  6 -- New Zealand-Waitangi Day
February  7 -- Grenada-Independence Day
February 11 -- Iran-Victory of the Islamic Revolution in Iran
February 16 -- Lithuania - Independence Day
February 18 -- Gambia-Independence Day
February 22 -- St Lucia-National Day
February 23 -- Guyana-National Day
February 23 -- Brunei Darussalam-Independence Day
February 24 -- Estonia-Independence Day
February 25 -- Kuwait-National Day
February 27 -- Dominican Republic-Independence Day